George Gershwin stands as an iconic figure in the annals of American music. The mastermind behind some of the most celebrated compositions of the 20th century, Gershwin’s influence spans across various genres, ranging from popular stage numbers to classical compositions. His prolific career, although cut short by a tragic illness, left a lasting legacy that resonates even today.
Early Life
Born on September 26, 1898, as Jacob Gershovitz in Brooklyn, New York, George Gershwin was the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants. His musical journey began early when the Gershwin family purchased a second-hand piano for his older brother, Ira. Quite surprisingly, it was George who exhibited a natural talent for the instrument and sought to hone his skills.
Gershwin’s formal education in music began under the guidance of the famous piano teacher, Charles Hambitzer. Hambitzer was so impressed with Gershwin’s abilities that he once stated, “I have a new pupil who will make his mark if anybody will. The boy is a genius.” Gershwin would continue to expand his musical horizons, learning from a range of teachers, including Henry Cowell, Wallingford Riegger, Edward Kilenyi, and Joseph Schillinger.
Early Career and Breakthrough
At the tender age of 15, Gershwin left school to embark on his musical career. His first job was as a “song plugger” in New York’s Tin Pan Alley, a popular music district. Despite the grueling nature of this job, it was instrumental in shaping Gershwin’s fledgling career, transforming him into a highly skilled and versatile composer.
By the age of 20, Gershwin had composed his first published song, “When You Want ‘Em, You Can’t Get ‘Em; When You Have ‘Em, You Don’t Want ‘Em.” While this initial effort didn’t garner much attention, his 1919 smash hit “Swanee,” with lyrics by Irving Caesar and popularized by Al Jolson, heralded Gershwin’s arrival on the musical scene.
Broadway and Tin Pan Alley: 1920-1924
Following his success with “Swanee”, Gershwin began composing for various Broadway productions. His first complete Broadway score, La, La Lucille, featured lyrics by Buddy De Sylva. However, it was Gershwin’s collaboration with his older brother, Ira, that truly cemented his status as a leading Broadway composer.
Working together, the Gershwin brothers created a series of successful musical comedies, including Lady, Be Good! (1924), Oh, Kay! (1926), Funny Face (1927), and Girl Crazy (1930). Their remarkable combination of infectious rhythm numbers and poignant ballads quickly became a hallmark of the “Gershwin style.”
Jazz and Classical Music: 1924-1928
Gershwin’s love for jazz and classical music was evident in his compositions. The year 1924 marked a significant turning point in his career when band leader Paul Whiteman commissioned him to create an original piece for a concert of modern music. The outcome was the iconic “Rhapsody in Blue,” a groundbreaking composition that opened a new chapter in American music.
In the ensuing years, Gershwin continued to experiment with classical music. His Concerto in F, composed in 1925, is widely regarded as one of his finest orchestral works. Other notable classical pieces from this period include his Second Rhapsody for piano and orchestra and An American in Paris, both reflecting Gershwin’s continued evolution as a composer.
Porgy and Bess: A Milestone
In 1935, Gershwin composed what many consider his most ambitious work, the opera Porgy and Bess. Based on DuBose Heyward’s novel Porgy, the opera is an innovative blend of jazz, folk, and classical elements. Although it was not an immediate success, Porgy and Bess has since been recognized as one of the most significant American musical compositions of the 20th century.
Final Years and Untimely Death
At the peak of his career, Gershwin moved to Hollywood, where he was commissioned to compose music for the film, Shall We Dance, starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. While working on a follow-up film with Astaire, Gershwin began experiencing severe headaches and unusual sensations. He was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and died during surgery on July 11, 1937. He was only 38.
Legacy and Influence
Despite his untimely death, Gershwin’s influence on American music is undeniable. His compositions continue to be celebrated and performed worldwide, testament to his timeless appeal. His works have served as a source of inspiration for countless musicians and composers over the years. Gershwin’s impact on American music was recognized posthumously in 1998, when he was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize on the centenary of his birth.
Gershwin’s life and work serve as a reminder of the transformative power of music. His genius continues to resonate, making him a beloved figure in the history of American music. As John O’Hara once said, “George Gershwin died July 11, 1937, but I don’t have to believe it if I don’t want to.”